Depression symptoms and suicidal ideation resulting from spousal bereavement among widows in Abi Local Government Area
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Abstract
Background: The experience of losing a spouse can lead to a loss of purpose in life, among women whose social identity and status were strongly tied to their marital roles. This study examined depression symptoms and suicidal ideation among widows in Abi Local Government Area, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design with 288 widows selected through multistage sampling and administered semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analysis were conducted using SPSS Version 23.
Results: Findings showed 49.3% had been widowed for 1-5 years, and 44.4% had 2-4 children. While 59.7% experienced normal levels of depression, 40.3% showed varying depressive symptoms. Regarding suicidal ideation, 75.3% reported minimal risk, while 24.7% were at mild to severe risk. The most frequently cited protective factor against suicidal ideation was the presence of a support system (82.1%), followed by access to mental health services (66.1%). Risk factors included hopelessness (62.1%), bullying or discrimination (33.6%), and thoughts of self-harm (22.5%). Depression levels showed statistically significant associations with age (χ² = 51.663, p < 0.001), number of children (χ² = 85.049, p < 0.001), hopelessness (χ² = 68.632, p < 0.001), and self-harm thoughts (χ² = 150.869, p < 0.001). Other significant predictors included a history of mental illness, lack of social support, discrimination, and substance use.
Conclusion: Many widows face heightened vulnerability to depression and suicidal ideation due to psychosocial and environmental stressors. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions and community-based support systems to enhance the well-being of widows in Nigeria.
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