The Nigerian Health Journal (TNHJ) is an open access, internationally peer-reviewed, English language, medical and health science journal that was established in 2000, as a publication of the Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State Branch. The journal publishes quarterly scientific manuscripts that advance medical science or practice covering all aspects of medicine including socio-economic, political and legal perspectives related to medical practice. The journal’s scope covers medical and health science disciplines including clinical research, public health, nursing, pharmacology, laboratory practice, anatomy, physiology, physiotherapy etc. Click here for more information. Title-level DOI: https://doi.org/10.71637/ISSN.2992-345X
Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers state, Nigeria
The Journal is owned, published and copyrighted by the Nigerian Medical Association, River state Branch. The copyright of papers published are vested in the journal and the publisher. In line with our open access policy and the Creative Commons Attribution License policy authors are allowed to share their work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. TNHJ also supports open access archiving of articles published in the journal after three months of publication. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g, in institutional repositories or on their website) within the stated period, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). All requests for permission for open access archiving outside this period should be sent to the editor via email to editor@tnhjph.com.
Awareness and Attitude to Media Sensitisation Messages on Lassa Fever among Residents of Selected States in Southeast, Nigeria
Background: Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness endemic to West Africa that is transmitted to humans through contact with food or household items contaminated by rodent excreta. This study examined awareness and attitude to media sensitisation messages regarding Lassa fever among residents of Southeast Nigeria. The research was directed by four objectives and associated research enquiries. Method: A descriptive survey design was utilised, employing a structured questionnaire to gather data from residents in the selected states. The study population comprised 15,470,975 residents of selected states in Southeast Nigeria. From this population, a purposive sample of 384 respondents was drawn to assess residents’ awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward media sensitisation messages on Lassa fever among residents of selected states in Southeast Nigeria. The research questions were addressed using mean and standard deviation, while chi-square was utilised to evaluate the hypotheses. Results: The results showed that media sensitisation had a moderately strong effect on residents' awareness (mean = 3.00, SD = 0.56), especially when it came to hygiene (mean = 3.07). However, residents were not very aware of how vulnerable healthcare workers were (mean = 2.89). The mean awareness score was 2.91, indicating favourable awareness levels among respondents. Chi-square analysis showed a statistically significant association between residents’ awareness of Lassa fever transmission and their engagement in preventive behaviours, χ² = 802.166, p < .001. Conclusion: The study suggests ongoing and focused media campaigns, especially in rural areas with few resources, to lower the risk of transmission and improve health education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Emmanuel Iyke Nnamani, Honesta Chidiebere Anorue, Stanley Uzoamaka Ugboaja, Omoniyi Moses Akinsiju, Uzoamaka Chioma Ogor, Luke Ifeanyi Anorue https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of Methanol Extract of Treculia Africana Seeds on Reproductive Hormones, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Oxidative Stress Markers in Female Wistar Rats
Background: Women in search for fertility have turn their way from orthodox medicine to herbal medicine in order to achieve pregnancy. The increasing infertility problem in modern society, which results in an emotional, psychological, cultural, and social burden that depletes couples. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of methanol extract of Treculia africana seeds on the reproductive hormones and oxidative stress markers in female Wistar. Method: Twenty (20) animals weighing between 160g to 180g were randomly selected in 4 groups of 5 animals per group. Administration of extract was done in 21 days and on the 22nd day, the animals were sacrificed and tissues and organs harvested. Statistically, the data obtained from the findings were analyzed using ANOVA and SPSS version 23. The results were expressed in mean and standard error deviation. P<0.05 was said to be significant. Results: There is significant increase in serum follicle stimulating hormone concentration for the medium dose extract(150mg/kg). Luteinizing hormone, estrogen significantly increases in the medium and high doses (150mg/kg and 200mg/kg), and an increase in progesterone at all doses. TSH, prolactin, total protein and final weight of the animals increase significantly. Glutathione (GSH) serum level decrease significantly for the medium dose of extract. There was a dose dependent significant decrease when compared to control for SOD and MDA and may lack antioxidant properties. Conclusion: The extract significantly increasing reproductive hormones and thyroid stimulating hormones and may enhance breast milk production in lactating mother.
Copyright (c) 2026 Barinua Kekii Gbaranor, Nornu Stephen Agbeb, Ucheawaji Felicia Edward, Sarah Kelechi Enebeli, Friday Sarone, Blessing Zinab Ovili-Odili , Imeelda Nkoyo Nubila, Loghomemaziba Emmanuel Ogbanga, Anthony Uche Mbah, Meka Okpokiri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Paediatric Admissions and Outcomes in A Digitally-Enabled Primary Health Care Facility in Southern Nigeria: A Retrospective Analysis Following EMR Deployment
Background: Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are transforming healthcare globally, by improving efficiency, documentation accuracy, and patient outcomes. In Nigeria, where primary health care (PHC) facilities often face infrastructural and staffing constraints, EMRs offer a pathway for systemic reform. Aim: To evaluate paediatric admission patterns and outcomes following EMR implementation by Renaissance Africa Energy Company (Renaissance) at Obio Cottage Hospital (OCH), Port Harcourt, and to compare these findings with published national PHC performance indicators. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed EMR data from all paediatric admissions between September 2024 and June 2025. Demographic, diagnostic, and outcome data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Comparative insights were drawn from published national PHC studies. Results: Of 771 admissions, 397 (51.5%) were neonates. The leading neonatal diagnoses were neonatal jaundice (66.2%) and sepsis (22.4%), while gastroenteritis (24.1%) and upper respiratory tract infections (23.5%) predominated among older children. Most patients (90.1%) were discharged, 4.2% referred, and mortality was 0.3%. Patient outcome was significantly associated with length of hospital stay (χ2 = 23.704, p = 0.000). Compared with national PHC benchmarks, OCH demonstrated superior documentation, improved referral coordination, and better patient outcomes. Conclusion: EMR implementation at OCH and enhanced financing through community-based insurance enabled by a Public-Private-People Partnership can dramatically improve paediatric outcomes in PHC settings. The OCH model demonstrates that with sufficient investment, PHC facilities can effectively manage common paediatric conditions, achieve low mortality, and contribute meaningfully to Nigeria’s child survival goals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Patience Ngozi Obiagwu, Stevens Divine Tuboteme, Olumuyiwa Ayotunde Ogunlaja, Afiong Oku, Akinwumi Oladapo Fajola, Francis Ebiowei Ebaretonbofa, Aloni Alali, Osborne Osuegbu, Oluwabunmi Adetula, Osazuwa Gabriel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A rare case of Aplasia Cutis Congenita type VII in a Nigerian newborn: Diagnostic and psychological challenges in a low-resource setting
Background: Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the localized absence of skin. Type VII ACC, which predominantly affects the lower limbs, is extremely rare and usually not associated with blistering, making diagnosis challenging. Case presentation: This reports a term male neonate delivered by caesarean section with normal APGAR scores and anthropometric parameters, who presented with bilaterally symmetrical areas of absent skin over both lower limbs and several smaller lesions elsewhere. The denuded areas were covered by translucent membranes with visible vasculature, and the calves appeared swollen and hypoplastic. No blisters or mucosal lesions were observed. The infant was markedly irritable on touch. Supportive wound care with warm saline-soaked gauze and breastfeeding were initiated, but the father declined referral and further investigations due to financial and cultural constraints. Partial epithelialization occurred within 24 hours, and minor lesions healed rapidly. The family discharged themselves after three days; the baby died at home 11 days later. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic dilemma of extensive, symmetrical, non-blistering ACC Type VII and the challenges of managing rare congenital conditions in low-resource settings. While differential diagnoses include severe forms of epidermolysis bullosa and vascular-disruption variants, definitive classification requires histopathologic or molecular studies. Early counselling and attention to sociocultural barriers are vital to improve outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Patience Ngozi Obiagwu, Edikan Ayangha Ayangha, Stevens Divine Tuboteme, Olumuyiwa Ayotunde Ogunlaja, Afiong Oku, Akinwumi Oladapo Fajola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge Attitude and Practice Regarding Antibiotic Abuse Among Students at Pamo University of Medical Sciences in Rivers State, Nigeria
Background: Antibiotic abuse is a global burden, which has led to a plethora of difficulties; including increased emergence of acquired multi drug resistance hence this study which assessed the knowledge, attitude, practices and prevalence of antibiotics abuse among medical students at Pamo University, Oyigbo, Port Harcourt. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Oyigbo, Rivers State. A cross-sectional study design was adopted; multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 413 eligible participants for this study. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Service Solutions version 27.0. Results: The mean age of participants were 18±1.9 years, and mainly from the department of medicine and surgery 331(80.1%). Three hundred and thirty-Six (81.4%) of participants had good knowledge of antibiotic abuse, 273(66.1%) of participants had a good attitude towards antibiotic abuse. However, 279 (67.6%) participants had poor practices regarding antibiotic abuse. Findings from this study showed a very high prevalence of antibiotic abuse recorded as 400 (96.5%). Participant’s department was associated with level of knowledge on antibiotic abuse (χ² = 3.844; p ≤ 0.050) and Age was associated with the attitude towards antibiotic abuse (ꭓ2 =6.581; p≤ 0.037). Conclusion: More than half of the participants had a good knowledge and attitude regarding antibiotic abuse, but most exhibited poor antibiotic use practices. To prevent the grave consequences of antibiotic abuse, we encourage health promotion activities to adopt good antimicrobial stewardship practices, including promoting the completion of full antibiotic courses as prescribed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Blessing Tamuno-belema Jonathan, Favour Lawrence , Mercy Irimagha Nelson, Lily Okechi Nnamdi, Vivian Ifeoma Ogbonna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Awareness of Preventive Practices on Childhood Killer Diseases Among Child Bearing Women in Ido-Osi Local Government Area, Southwest, Nigeria
Background: Nigeria has one of the highest under-five mortality rates in the world, with almost 750,000 children under five dying each year. Unawareness and ignorance among mothers about various childhood killer diseases including malaria, diarrhea, among others may contribute a great deal to childhood mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to identify level of awareness of preventive practices on childhood killer diseases among childbearing women. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ido-Osi Local Government Area, Ekiti State. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for data analysis, p-value was set at 0.05. A sample size of 295 was calculated, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data among child bearing women via a multistage sampling technique. Results: All (100%) of respondents were aware of one or more childhood killer diseases. A total of 77.9% (226) engaged in preventive practices. Awareness among childbearing mothers on childhood killer diseases and the portion of respondents that engaged in good preventive practice was high. Associated factors with good preventive practices include age group, level of education, occupation and income. Age greater than 35 years (AOR: 3.781, 95%CI: 1.344 – 10.639, P: 0.012), and having tertiary education (AOR: 20.703, 95%CI: 3.258 – 131.551, P<0.001) were predictors of good preventive practices. Conclusion: Awareness of childhood killer diseases among childbearing mothers was impressively high. Factors associated with good preventive practices included age group, educational level, occupation, and income. Health workers should sustain and strengthen ongoing efforts aimed at promoting prevention of childhood killer diseases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Opeyemi Oladipupo Abioye, Deborah Adaeze Ineh-Dumbi, Bolatito Joannah Akande, Oluwakanyinsola Abimbola Falana, Ayotunde Abdulhakeem Isiaka, Olaoye Michael Faleke, Samuel Idowu Omotoso, Vivian Somtoochukwu Ibezim, Serifat Asabi Babalola, Mojoyinola Oyindamola Adeosun, Ademuyiwa Adetona, John Olujide Ojo, Richard Dele Agbana, Amen Kari Ugbaka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Comparative Effects of L-Carnitine and T-Bhq on Reproductive Hormone Dysregulation in Alcohol-Exposed Wistar Rats
Background: Reproductive dysfunction has been linked to chronic alcoholism, especially due to oxidative stress. Antioxidants like L-carnitine and tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) could mitigate alcohol-induced reproductive toxicity, but their comparative effects are understudied. This study compared the effects of l-carnitine and t-BHQ on reproductive hormone dysregulation in alcohol-exposed Wistar rats. Methodology: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=5): control, alcohol-only, alcohol+L-carnitine, alcohol+tBHQ, alcohol+L-carnitine+tBHQ, L-carnitine-only, and tBHQ-only. Alcohol was administered orally (2 g/kg/day), L-carnitine (100 mg/kg/day), and tBHQ (50 mg/kg/day) for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5-α reductase, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were assayed. Results: Alcohol exposure significantly reduced testosterone (from 10.33 ng/ mL in the control group to 1.12 ng/mL) while significantly increasing the levels of DHT (59.67 pg/Ml to 1237.67 pg/mL), 5-α reductase (91.83 pg/mL to 698.33 pg/mL), LH (26.83 mIU/mL to 64.50 mIU/mL) and FSH (2.98 mIU/mL to 18.33 mIU/mL). L-carnitine and tBHQ independently restored testosterone to above-control levels (16.67 and 17.33 ng/mL, respectively), with their co-administration yielded much more increase. Both agents significantly reduced alcohol-induced increase in DHT and 5-α reductase, with tBHQ exerting a stronger suppressive effect. Similarly, LH and FSH concentrations were normalized toward control values following treatment. Conclusion: Results shows that L-carnitine and tBHQ mitigated hormone dysregulation in male Wistar rats caused by excessive alcohol exposure. These findings suggest that L-carnitine preserves mitochondrial integrity to sustain steroidogenesis, while tBHQ more effectively modulates enzyme activity and oxidative stress in the testes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nyakno Asuquo Godwin, Polycarp Unim Adie, Atim Irene Okpo-Ene, Okoi Clement Okoi, Minafuro Chijindu Okwejie, John Atambell Okwejie, Jessica Tochukwu Nzeadibe, Victor Antigha Essien, Exploit Ezinne Chukwuka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Role Model Caregivers Intervention for Home Management of Childhood Malaria in Rural Community of Rivers State, Nigeria: A Community-Based Study
Background: Malaria remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Despite improved access to prevention and treatment, delayed care-seeking and inappropriate home management persist. This study assessed the effect of Role Model Caregivers (RMC) training on malaria knowledge and home management practices under-fives in rural communities of Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted between November 2023 and February 2024 in Usokun (intervention) and Tema (control) communities. A total of 420 caregivers (210 per group) were recruited. Selected caregivers were trained as RMCs to provide malaria education. Outcomes were malaria knowledge and home management practices. Knowledge was measured using a composite score on symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment. At the same time, practices were assessed based on reported actions during the most recent febrile episode, including drug use, timing, and referral. Data were analysed using SPSS v27, with logistic regression used to identify predictors. Results: Most caregivers were women (95.0%), aged 20–39 years (mean 31.8 ± 7.4 years). Adequate malaria knowledge increased from 45.7% to 87.6%, and correct home management improved from 42.9% to 81.9% (p < 0.001). Predictors of correct home management were RMC training (AOR = 5.62; 95% CI: 3.21–9.83), higher education (AOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.18–5.11), and good malaria knowledge (AOR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.58–6.04). Conclusion: RMC training markedly improved caregivers’ knowledge of malaria and home management, endorsing a sustainable, community-driven approach to early malaria treatment in a rural community of Rivers State.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nduye Christie Tobin Briggs, Obeleye Tom-George https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Antimalarial Prescription Patterns and Adherence to the WHO 2024 Guidelines among Pregnant Women: A Case Study from a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Background: Adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines for malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is crucial for improved maternal and perinatal health outcomes. This study assessed antimalarial prescription patterns and adherence of each prescription to the WHO 2024 MiP guidelines using a Nigerian tertiary hospital as a case study. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using antenatal care (ANC) records of pregnant women who attended ANC at FMC Makurdi in 2024. A total of 1,062 eligible prescriptions were selected via systematic random sampling and analysed using R. Descriptive statistics summarized patient demographics and treatment patterns. Adherence to guidelines was subsequently assessed. Results: Among the 1,062 prescriptions analysed, the majority (96.1%) were for IPTp rather than acute treatment with most for women in their second (44.4%) or third trimester (55.0%). Overall, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was the most prescribed antimalarial medication during pregnancy (96.0%). Artemether-lumefantrine (AL, 92.5%) and SP (99.9%) were mostly prescribed for uncomplicated malaria and IPTp respectively. Adherence to treatment guidelines was high (99.4%); however, trimester-specific deviations were noted where most instances of non-compliance occurred in the first trimester. Conclusion: While overall adherence to MiP guidelines was high at FMC Makurdi, specific deviations—particularly regarding first-trimester prescriptions and the use of Al for prevention—were observed. These findings underscore the need for continuous education and reinforcement of guideline adherence among healthcare providers to ensure optimal and safe antimalarial management especially in malaria-endemic settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Joseph Michael Okwori, Moses Owoicho Itodo, Suleiyol Charity Abatur, Shadrach Chinecherem Eze, Samuel Chukwuemeka Okoye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Corrosive Injuries to the Oesophagus – Need to Stem the Tides
Background: This study reviewed cases of corrosive oesophageal injuries that presented in our hospital, aetiological agents associated sequel and proffer ways on how the menace and its catastrophic effect could be stemmed in our locality. Methods: A 15-year cross-sectional descriptive review of patients that were managed for corrosive ingestion at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria between December 2009 to November 2024 Results: A total of 46 patients consisting of 36 males and 10 females with M: F ratio 3.6:1 and age ranged from 2years to 65years. Majority 39.1% were children 1 – 15 years followed by young adult 16 – 30 years 34.8%. The mode of ingestion was accidental among the children and by deliberate self-harm among the adults. Caustic soda ingestion formed the preponderance of the corrosive ingested 76.1% and majority 60.9% presented late. All the patients were admitted and managed with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, steroids, H-2 receptor blocker. Those who presented early had nasogastric tube inserted for stenting and feeding. Twelve patients (26.1%) had psychiatric illness and 30.4% developed strictures, 5 patients with short segment stricture were managed with serial oesophageal dilatation. There were 3(6.5%) mortalities secondary to oesophageal perforation Conclusion: Corrosive injuries to the oesophagus are a serious public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality in our locality. Illiteracy, poor socioeconomic status/ economic burden, psychiatric illnesses are some factors contributing to the high incidence of this problem. Suggestions on steps to stem the tides of this menace in our locality were discussed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taiwo Olugbemiga Adedeji, Busoye Alagbe Adegbosin, Julius Adeolu Idowu, Miracle Chidinma Ebuoh, Olawale Ogundiran, Olukemi Christianah Adedeji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Interplay of Traumatic Childbirth, Marital Support, and Mental Health Outcomes in Nursing Mothers in Lagos
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) remains a major but under-recognised public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Traumatic childbirth experiences and poor marital support have been identified as psychosocial factors influencing maternal mental health. Objective: To examine the interplay of traumatic childbirth experiences, marital support, and mental health outcomes among nursing mothers in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 102 nursing mothers attending postnatal clinics in selected health centres within Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State. Respondents were selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire which incorporated the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square and Pearson's correlation, were used to analyse the data at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The prevalence of probable postpartum depression was 27.5%. A significant relationship was found between traumatic childbirth and postpartum depression (χ² = 8.62, p < 0.01), and between marital support and postpartum depression (χ² = 11.43, p < 0.01). Pearson's correlation showed a positive relationship between traumatic childbirth and depressive symptoms (r = 0.411, p < 0.01), and a negative correlation between marital support and depression (r = −0.352, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Traumatic childbirth significantly increases the risk of postpartum depression, while strong marital support mitigates depressive symptoms among nursing mothers. Integrating psychosocial counselling, spousal involvement, and trauma-informed maternity care into postnatal services is recommended to promote maternal mental health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adenike Ololade Adedapo, Stella Chinwe Anyama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cervical Cancer Knowledge and Screening Perceptions Among Women in Keffi, Nigeria: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women globally and a leading cause of mortality in Nigeria. Women’s knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and its screening significantly affect early detection and prevention. This study assessed knowledge and perceptions of cervical cancer and screening services among women of reproductive age at Federal Medical Centre Keffi. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 women aged 15–49 years attending clinics at the Federal Medical Centre Keffi. Systematic random sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires and analysed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences v26. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied, with chi-square tests assessing associations between socio-demographics and knowledge/perceptions (p<0.05). Results: Most respondents (90.6%) demonstrated good knowledge of cervical cancer causes and transmission, with Human Papilloma Virus infection (44.8%) and multiple sexual partners (32.3%) recognized as major risk factors. About 81.5% had good perception of screening, with 65.9% agreeing that screening aids early detection. Misconceptions included screening being unnecessary without symptoms (41.4%), potential infertility (15.6%), and high cost (31.0%). Knowledge and perceptions were significantly associated with age, education, and marital status (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although knowledge and perception of cervical cancer screening were generally good, misconceptions and socio-cultural barriers persist. Targeted health education and community interventions are essential to improve informed decision-making in cancer screening. Therefore, experts and policy makers need to incorporate suitable culturally acceptable awareness campaigns into mainstream healthcare services in Nigeria to enhance cervical cancer screening uptake.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oluwasegun Ajala Akanni, Idris Muhammad Yakubu, Adegoriola Olubisi Ojurongbe, Matthew Olusegun Fijabiyi, Olamide Ishola , Odunayo Akanni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development, and Validation of a Triple Benefit Health Education Intervention Module and Questionnaire to Improve Adolescent Girls’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Malnutrition
Background: Malnutrition among adolescent girls in conflict-affected regions of Nigeria remains a pressing public health concern. Method: This study developed and validated the Triple Benefit Health Education Intervention Module and a corresponding questionnaire to improve knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward malnutrition. The questionnaire was adapted from established nutrition assessment tools and validated through expert review and face validity testing among adolescent girls. Reliability was confirmed via Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest analysis. The module underwent rigorous face and content validation, achieving a 93% content validity score. An Independent t-test (student test) was used to compare the means of two groups of continuous variables. Result: A pilot study involving 43 adolescent girls demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge, attitude, practice, information, motivation and behavioural skill scores in the post-intervention test, with mean knowledge rising from 6.3 to 26.4 (p-<0.001), attitude from 44.1 to 71.9 (p-<0.001), and practice from 35.6 to 45.0 (p-<0.001). Conclusion: These results underscore the effectiveness of the module and questionnaire in promoting nutritional awareness and behavior change. The validated tools offer a promising framework for scaling adolescent health education interventions in similar settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruth Shapu Charles, Suriani Ismail, Lim Poh Ying, Norliza Ahmad, Hussaini Garba, Emmanuel William Mshelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Diphtheria in an Under-immunized Child in Rivers State, Nigeria: A Case Report
Background: Diphtheria is a potentially fatal, vaccine-preventable disease, with a recent resurgence from systematic challenges, particularly in resource-limited settings like Nigeria. This is a case report of the index case of diphtheria in the recent outbreak in Rivers State, in the Southern region of Nigeria. Case summary: A 3-year-old under-immunized girl presented with a seven-day history of fever and neck swelling at the children’s emergency unit of a tertiary health facility. Clinical evaluation, throat swab microscopy/culture, and PCR confirmed Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection. The patient’s management included antibiotics, diphtheria antitoxin, and respiratory support. Her condition rapidly deteriorated, and she died within a few days of presentation. Discussion: The fatal outcome of the index case highlights the critical role of vaccination in preventing diphtheria. Under-immunization, as in this case, underscores systemic challenges such as vaccine hesitancy, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and limited public awareness, which contribute to the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases like diphtheria in Nigeria. Conclusion: Diphtheria is a life-threatening disease. Strengthening immunization programs, enhancing healthcare access, and implementing targeted public health campaigns are essential to address these gaps and prevent future outbreaks. This case serves as a reminder of the need for sustained efforts to improve vaccine coverage and public health education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hope Owhondaa Avundaa, Eziyi Iche Kalu, Ugo Uwadiako Enebeli, Agwu Nkwa Amadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessing the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and kidney function in hypertensive patients in southern part of Nigeria’’
Background: Low-grade vascular inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension and is commonly observed in individuals with impaired renal function. Hypertension, a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has been associated with elevated inflammatory markers and declining kidney function. This study compared serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HSCRP) levels and renal function between hypertensive patients and normotensive individuals. Methods: This hospital-based case–control study included 300 participants recruited at Central Hospital, Warri, Nigeria, between January 2023 and March 2024. Participants comprised 200 adults with hypertension and 100 normotensive controls. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum HSCRP levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Hypertensive participants were significantly older than controls (58.11 ± 13.03 vs 43.71 ± 10.67 years; p<0.001) and had a higher proportion of females (73.5% vs 47.0%; p=0.007). Impaired renal function (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²) was more prevalent among hypertensives than controls (26.5% vs 8.0%; p=0.004). Mean HSCRP levels were significantly higher in hypertensive patients (4.22 ± 3.30 vs 1.51 ± 1.48 mg/L; p<0.001). Among hypertensives, HSCRP showed a weak but significant negative correlation with eGFR (r=–0.142; p=0.044). Conclusion: Hypertensive patients exhibit increased inflammatory burden and a higher prevalence of renal impairment. The inverse association between HSCRP and eGFR suggests that inflammation may contribute to declining kidney function, underscoring the need for early detection of subclinical inflammation and renal dysfunction in hypertension.
Copyright (c) 2026 Augustine Onovuakpo Eguvbe, Samuel Olubayo Olubori, Pedro Ejomafuvwe Amrevwodjemu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Book of Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 65th Annual General Meeting and Scientific Conference of the Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State, Port Harcourt 2025 (2nd – 9th August, 2025)
Book of Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 64th Annual General Meeting and Scientific Conference of the Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State, Port Harcourt 2024 (2nd – 9th August, 2025) Compiled by: Daprim Samuel Ogaji
Annual General Meeting and Scientific Conference
Copyright (c) 2025 Daprim Ogaji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge and attitudes toward food safety among food handlers: A cross-sectional study in a Nigerian tertiary institution.
Background: Foodborne diseases remain a significant public health issue, with sub-Saharan Africa bearing a disproportionate burden. In Nigeria, many students rely on institutional food services, making the safe handling of food a crucial concern. Objective: This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of food handlers towards food safety at Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out among 80 food handlers using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire and analysis using IBM SPSS version 24.0. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated, with results presented in tables. The chi-square test was used to assess the associations between the independent and dependent variables. The significance level was set at a 95% confidence interval with a p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: Respondents had a mean age of 27.4 ± 7.8 years, and most were female (57.5%). Overall, 60% showed good knowledge of food safety and about 70% demonstrated a positive attitude. The level of education was significantly associated with knowledge (χ²=12.861, p=0.005), while ethnicity was associated with attitudes (χ²=12.798, p=0.005). Conclusion: Respondents generally had good knowledge and attitudes toward food safety, suggesting that training and awareness programs may be making an impact. The association between level of education and knowledge of food safety underscores the importance of continuous training programs for food handlers. The association between ethnicity and attitudes highlights the importance of culturally sensitive approaches in food safety education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ngozi Adefala, Deborah Taiwo, Adedolapo Owolabi, Nneoma Onu, Chimzurum Nat-Nwakpuda, Ogemdinakachi Ephraim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Microbiological Analysis of the Preputial Slit in Anambra State Nigeria: Why Neonatal Circumcision?
Background: Circumcision is one of the most widely performed and controversial procedures globally. While often carried out for sociocultural and religious reasons, it is also promoted as prophylaxis against urinary tract infections (UTIs), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and HIV. The role of the preputial microbiome in these indications remains debated. Objective: This study aimed to assess and characterize microbial species from the preputial sac of neonates undergoing circumcision and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a health facility between September and November 2024. Thirty-six male neonates undergoing circumcision were recruited. Swabs from the preputial sac were cultured on selective media, and isolates were identified by Gram staining and standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Data on neonatal and maternal factors were collected through structured proforma. Results: Eight different bacteria species were isolated, with Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli being most common (22% each). Six samples (16.7%) showed no growth. Gentamicin exhibited the highest sensitivity (50%), while high resistance rates were recorded for ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (80.6%). Maternal and neonatal factors, including prior antibiotic use, maternal infection, or hospital admission, did not significantly influence microbial presence or antibiotic susceptibility. Conclusion: The preputial sac harbors primarily commensal microorganisms, with high levels of antibiotic resistance observed. Findings question the justification of neonatal circumcision as prophylaxis for UTI or STI prevention and highlight the need for reconsideration of its routine practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Victor Ifeanyichukwu Modekwe, Iloduba Nnaemeka Aghanya, Nkechi Euphemia Nwafor, Chidimma Chukwunonso Osuigwe, Chukwudi Onyeaghana Okani, Frank Chinedu Akpuaka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge, Adherence Mapping of Covid-19 Preventive Measures Among Adults in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: COVID-19 preventive measures represent the largest public health interventions in human history. However, gap still exist in the knowledge and adherence towards the preventive measures of the disease. This study assessed the knowledge and adherence towards COVID-19 preventive measures among adults in selected communities of Ekiti state, Southwest Nigeria Methodology: This is a cross-sectional analytical study with multi-stage sampling technique. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 and ArcGIS version 10.5 were used for data analysis and adherence mapping respectively. Level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Result: Majority, 593 (98.8%), knew the preventive measures of COVID-19 and more than three quarter demonstrated good knowledge, 460 (76.7%). Less than half, 269 (44.8%), had good adherence to the preventive measures of COVID-19. Age and higher educational status were found to be associated with knowledge while socio-economic status was associated with adherence (p<0.05). Marriage was found as a predictor of knowledge [(aOR=7.43 (0.85-65.01); p=0.038)] and female respondents were about twice likely than the males to have good adherence to preventive measures. [(aOR=1.78 (1.17-2.69); p=0.007)]. The rich respondents were three times more likely to adhere to preventive measures of COVID-19 [(aOR=3.15 (1.51-6.55); p=0.002)]. Conclusion: The knowledge of COVID-19 preventive measures was high, but adherence to it was poor. The government and other relevant stakeholders in the State need to institute various interventions like health awareness campaign to increase adherence to the preventive measures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kabir Adekunle Durowade, Omotosho Ibrahim Musa, Taofeek Adedayo Sanni, Rofiat Bunmi Mudashiru, Makinde Adebayo Adeniyi, Mojirola Martina Fasiku, Kehinde Olubukola Ojo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Obesity Among Healthcare Workers in An Urban Area in Lagos State, Nigeria
Background: Obesity is a major concern affecting millions globally. Healthcare workers are particularly at risk from high stress levels and long working hours, often disrupting healthy lifestyle habits. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with obesity among healthcare workers in an urban area in Lagos State. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, including weight and height, from 300 health workers selected using multistage sampling. Data was analyzed and presented as frequency tables. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with obesity with significance at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 25.0% and 17.3% respectively. Factors associated with obesity among the respondents, included history of diabetes (AOR = 3.319, 95%CI = 1.133 – 9.719, p = 0.029), increased consumption of processed cereals (AOR = 6.998, 95% CI = 1.748 – 28.015, p = 0.006), and workplace stress (AOR = 2.142, 95%CI = 1.058 – 4.335, p = 0.034). Conclusion: Healthcare workers have high obesity rates, emphasizing the need for workplace interventions like better working hours and wellness programs tailored to their demanding schedules.
Copyright (c) 2026 Damilola Akinlawon, Adekemi Sekoni, Oluwatosin Akinsola, Olasimbo Babalola, Temiloluwa Odukoya, Olamide Akinlawon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Students at Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Nigeria
Background: This study assessed the knowledge of breast cancer and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among female undergraduate students at Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized a structured, self-administered questionnaire for data collection. IBM SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. Results: Four hundred students with a mean age of 23.0±4.2 years were studied. Majority 358 (89.4%) had heard of breast cancer with print/electronic media being the highest source of awareness 150 (41.9%). The students knew breast lump 163 (45.5%), breast pain/soreness 108 (30.2%) and discharge from the breast 29 (8.1%) as symptoms and signs of breast cancer, and BSE 207 (57.8%) and mammography 40 (11.2%) as early detection methods of breast cancer. Their knowledge of risk factors of breast cancer was poor, positive family history 159 (44.4%), exposure to ionizing radiation 153 (42.7%), smoking 141 (39.4%), oral contraceptives use 119 (31.8%), being a woman 114 (31.8%). Two hundred and fifteen (53.8%) had ever performed BSE, and 103 (47.9%) performed it monthly. The older students (p<0.0001), those in higher level of study (p<0.0001) and those with positive family history of breast cancer (p=0.042), statistically significantly practised BSE. Conclusion: The overall knowledge of breast cancer and its associated risk factors were poor among the students, but their practice of BSE was fair. Massive awareness campaign and advocacy for health education on breast cancer and its early prevention measures is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ekeneam Nkadi Omo, Alphonsus Rukevwe Isara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Early Sexual Debut in Karu, Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Prevalence and Its Determinants Among Female Adolescents
Background: Early sexual debut among adolescents poses significant physical, social and mental health consequences. Despite increasing concern, limited data exist on its prevalence and determinants among female secondary school students in Karu Local Government Area. Objective: This study assessed students’ perceptions of early sexual debut, the proportion, prevalence, characteristics, and determinants of early sexual initiation. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 5 public and 5 private schools using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. 265 female students (SS1-SS3) were selected through multistage sampling. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS version 27 (descriptive statistics and ANOVA/Chi-Square), while qualitative data were thematically analyzed using NVivo. Results: 12.8% of students were sexually active, with 17.6% reporting early sexual debut. 70.6% of sexual encounters occurred with friends, and 64.7% were influenced by coercion, alcohol, or peers. Students perceived early sexual debut negatively. Major determinants included peer pressure, poor parenting, exposure to pornography, low self-esteem, and socio-economic challenges. There was significant association between prevalence of early sexual debut and types of school (public vs private) (p = 0.017). However, no significant association was found between sexual debut and students’ age (p = 0.535) or family type (p = 0.989). Conclusion: Early sexual debut prevalence is a concern and being in public school is more associated with early sexual debut than private highlighting the need for comprehensive sexuality programs. More studies are needed to unravel the main factors exposing students to early sexual debut in public schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Japhet Haruna Jonah, Chisom Favour Chikwendu, Samuel Sam Danladi, Ijuptil Amos, Ibrahim Zira, Solomon Atuman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Periodontal Disease in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Nigerian Women: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which results in the destruction of connective tissue, alveolar bone, gingival bleeding, compromised aesthetics, recurrent periodontal infections, tooth mobility and eventual tooth loss. Various female hormonal alterations predispose postmenopausal women to several oral disorders. This study compared periodontal disease in premenopausal and postmenopausal Nigerian women. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study at the Oral diagnosis and Oral medicine clinics in a large tertiary hospital, involving 35 premenopausal and 35 postmenopausal women within the ages of 40 to 60 years using a multistage sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, and oral examination was used to determine the prevalence of periodontitis in postmenopausal women. All participants were evaluated for periodontitis using Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN), and severity of periodontitis. Analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26 software. Chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests were used to test the relationship between outcome and independent variables. P-values ≤ 0.05 were statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Results: the mean value of CPITN was statistically higher in postmenopausal women (1.49±1.2) compared with premenopausal women (0.91±0.8). The mean value of OHI was also statistically higher in postmenopausal women (1.49 ±0.9) than premenopausal women (1.07 ±0.8). Conclusions: Postmenopausal women are more predisposed to periodontal disease compared with premenopausal women, which could be due to low oestrogen levels associated with menopause. Regular dental consultations and good oral hygiene practices are crucial in this population and will significantly influence periodontal health.
Periodontal diseases, Postmenopausal, Premenopausal, Oestrogen, Oral hygiene.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kehinde Olubukola Ojo, Patricia Omowunmi Ayanbadejo, Olutola Mary Eweka, Damilola Akinlawon, Tolutope Fasanmi Kolawole, Oluwafunmilayo Adenike Oguntoye, Foluso John Owotade https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge and Practice of Basic Life Support Among Clinical Students in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
Background: Basic life support (BLS) is a level of medical care used for patients with life-threatening conditions, such as cardiac arrest, until advanced medical care providers can provide full medical care. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of BLS, the attitude of respondents towards BLS, and to evaluate the practices of BLS among Clinical students of AAU, Ekpoma. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 medical students using a structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0. Results: A total of 420 respondents were interviewed in this study. Four hundred and ten (97.6%) were aware of CPR/BLS. Two hundred and ninety-four (70%) had a good knowledge of the principles of CPR/BLS. Three hundred and ninety-one (93.1%) received a lecture of CPR/BLS, 300 (71.4%) received a hands-on simulation of CPR/BLS; only 38.6% knew the proper compressions to rescue breath to administer. Factors associated with good knowledge included: age (p=0.001), with the older respondents more knowledgeable; sex (p=0.0001), with males having better knowledge; level of study (p=0.001), progressively better in the higher levels and religion (p=0.003), which was better with Christianity. All respondents who were aware of CPR/BLS (100%) had a positive attitude towards CPR/BLS. Conclusion: Knowledge of CPR/BLS was associated with age, gender, level of study and religion. The medical curriculum of students in Nigeria should be enriched with more practical sessions and drills on CPR/BLS.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alenoghena Innocent Osi, Akhideno Irene Irenosen, Aramunde Courage, Azhimi Vannessa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Microvascular Changes in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Associated with Hypertension: A Prospective OCT-Angiography Analysis
Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy associated with visual field loss and optic disc cupping. Although elevated intraocular pressure is the primary risk factor, the contribution of systemic arterial hypertension (HTN) remains uncertain. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) enables non-invasive evaluation of retinal and peripapillary microvasculature. This study investigated the association between systemic hypertension and microvascular alterations in POAG using OCT-A. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a tertiary eye care setting and included 40 eyes from 40 adults with confirmed POAG receiving topical anti-glaucoma therapy. Participants were grouped as hypertensive (n=20) or normotensive (n=20). OCT-A imaging was performed using the Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT with Angioplex. Macular and peripapillary vessel density of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses was quantified from 6×6 mm scans. Only high-quality images (signal strength ≥7/10, no motion or segmentation artifacts) were analyzed to minimize measurement bias. Additional assessments included visual field testing, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and cup-to-disc ratio. Group comparisons and correlation analyses were performed, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Hypertensive POAG patients demonstrated significantly lower macular and peripapillary vessel density compared with normotensive patients (p<0.05). In the hypertensive group, reduced vessel density was associated with progressive visual field deterioration and increased cup-to-disc ratio. These associations were less pronounced among normotensive patients. Conclusion: Systemic hypertension is associated with greater microvascular compromise in POAG, supporting a vascular contribution to glaucoma progression and highlighting the importance of blood pressure control in glaucoma management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chaimaa Bardi, Abir Sinnate, Cheikhna Begnoug, Ghita Halfi, Younes Akkanour, El Hassan Ebdallah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Genomic Characterisation of Virulence and In Vivo Pathogenicity of Azole-Antifungal Resistant Candida from HIV/AIDS Patients in Southeast Nigeria
Background: Oral candidiasis remains a common opportunistic infection among people living with HIV/AIDS, especially in low-resource settings. Rising antifungal resistance and systemic candidiasis complicate treatment. This study investigated the genomic features and virulence mechanisms of Candida species isolated from HIV-positive individuals in southeast Nigeria. Methods: Oral swabs (n=514) from HIV patients were collected and cultured on Chromogenic agar for Candida, with azole susceptibility assessed through the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method. Representative isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing to identify virulence genes and mechanisms. A pathogenicity study was conducted on 16 rats, divided into four groups: Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, a mixed inoculum, and a non-inoculated control. Over 28 days, morbidity, mortality, weight changes, and organ infections were evaluated. Results: All sequenced strains belonged to Sequence Type 15 with conserved genomes. Key virulence genes (waaF, waaG, pilH, and pvdS) and housekeeping genes (argS, gyrB, ileS, nuoC, ppsA, recA, rpoB, rpoD) were consistently expressed, supporting biofilm formation, stress tolerance, immune evasion, and persistence mechanisms. In vivo, rats inoculated with C. albicans or mixed inoculum showed severe morbidity, high mortality (100% and 75% respectively), weight loss, and tissue necrosis, indicating systemic infection. Conclusion: Azole-resistant Candida species from HIV-infected individuals exhibit diverse genetic and phenotypic mechanisms that drive virulence and resistance. The findings emphasise their pathogenic potential and the challenges they pose for diagnosis and treatment. Genomic similarity among isolates indicates clonal expansion and potential interspecies gene exchange, underscoring the importance of integrated antifungal surveillance and stewardship in resource-limited settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irene Ifeyinwa Eze, Edmund Ndudi Ossai, Lawrence Ulu Ogbonnaya, Akinwale Michael Efunshile, Chito Clare Ekwealor, Christie Amechi Oyeka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation of Endothelial Functions in Essential Hypertensive Subjects in Ekiti State
Background: Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in vascular complications and pathogenesis of essential hypertension marked by an imbalance between vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive factors, increased inflammatory activation, and pro-atherogenic modifications. This study assessed endothelial functions in essential hypertensive subjects in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 126 participants (63 hypertensives and 63 controls) were recruited. Social demographic information was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Height and weight were measured with a stadiometer and ZT-120 scale, and blood pressure was assessed using a digital sphygmomanometer. ET-1 and P-selectin were quantified using ELISA; nitric oxide and lipid profile using spectrophotometry, with lipid indices calculated. Data were statistically analyzed at p<0.05. Result: The results revealed that body mass index, family history of hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Endothelin-1, Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein and P-selectin levels were significantly higher in the essential hypertensive subjects compared to the healthy controls; however, Nitric oxide and High-Density Lipoprotein were significantly lower in the essential hypertensive subjects compared to healthy controls. There was no statistically significant difference in all parameters studied based on age and sex. The results also revealed that Endothelin-1 and P-selectin levels were significantly higher in drug-naive hypertensive subjects compared with those on treatment. Conclusion: The study highlights the role of endothelial biomarkers in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension, particularly ET-1 and P-selectin, which showed greater sensitivity and specificity statistically may serve as an early indicator of vascular dysfunction and potential targets for risk classification and disease management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Olajumoke A., Ekundayo, Adeola O., Oluboyo, Odeyinka O., Odewusi, Kazeem D., Suleman , David D., Ajayi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of AI-Assisted Diagnostics Among Students of Master of Public Health in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Background: Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare has transformed disease diagnostics, offering opportunities to enhance accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility. However, adopting AI-assisted diagnostics depends significantly on future public health professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This study assessed the KAP of students of Master of Public Health (MPH) at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Nigeria, regarding AI-assisted diagnostics in healthcare, including the gaps in the current MPH curriculum concerning AI literacy. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive survey design. Data from 205 ABU MPH students recruited via simple random sampling were collected using researcher-constructed 16-item questionnaires, organized into four sections, and sent via email on Google Form. KAP were measured on 3-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed in descriptive statistics using SPSS version 28. Results: The response rate was 99%. The findings revealed moderate levels of knowledge about AI tools (73.3%), positive attitudes toward their use (73.8%), but limited practical experience and dissatisfaction (29.5%) with the current level of AI training in the MPH curriculum. Students supported incorporating AI-related courses and experiential learning opportunities into MPH program (72.5%). Conclusion: These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to enhance AI literacy among MPH students and prepare them for the ethical and practical integration of AI technologies in healthcare. The study contributes to the discourse on modernizing public health education and provides actionable recommendations for policymakers, educators, and healthcare institutions. Future research should explore longitudinal trends and cross-cultural perspectives to inform AI adoption strategies in public health practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Danladi Sam Samuel, Japhet Haruna Jonah, Gabriel Samuel, Ijuptil Amos, Regina Chimsom Eche, Ali Kime Makinta, Hadiza Musa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Users’ Satisfaction with Wheeled Mobility Assistive in Kinshasa and Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
Background: Wheeled mobility assistive devices greatly assist individuals with disabilities. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a country in armed conflict, no study has been conducted to describe the satisfaction with mobility assistive devices in adults with chronic spinal cord injuries (ACSCI). The aim of this study was to describe the level of satisfaction related to adult with spinal cord injury use of wheeled mobility assistive devices. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involves 126 ACSCI in Goma and Kinshasa between January 2020 and June 2021. The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) was used to assess the intrinsic qualities and services of wheeled mobility assistive devices. Statistical analysis included the chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test with post-hoc Bonferroni correction. Results: Overall, participants reported being moderately satisfied with intrinsic qualities. Notably, they expressed high satisfaction with solidity (32.5%, p= 0.003) and general satisfaction with efficacy (48.3%, p= 0.036). However, there was notable dissatisfaction with dimensions and weight (equality: 33.3%, p < 0.001). Regarding services, adult with spinal cord injury participants demonstrated a significant level of dissatisfaction with the cost (54.8%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study highlights significant disparities in the provision and use of WMADs among ACSCIs. While users were generally moderate in their satisfaction with the intrinsic qualities of the devices, they were not satisfied with the service-related aspects. To address these issues, a user-centred national strategy is essential to ensure equitable access to affordable, locally appropriate mobility aids supported by qualified professionals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mabanza M. M., Biwata M. B., Lofuta O. V. P., Nzinga L. A-M, Tshongo K. H., Ntsambi EG, Buhendwa R. A., Nkakudulu B. K. H. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Depressive Symptoms and Self-Esteem in Moroccan School Children: Public Health Implications from a Cross-Sectional Study
Background: The depressive state negatively affects self-esteem, particularly among younger age groups. This study aims to explore how depression affects self-esteem in children attending a primary school in Kenitra. Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of depressive states on self-esteem, in order to better understand the complex relationship that exists between these two dimensions of mental health. Methods: Our sample included 205 students (108 boys and 97 girls), aged 8 to 14 years, ranging from 3rd to 6th grade, from a primary school in Kenitra. To assess self-esteem, the Toulouse Self-Esteem Scale (ETES) was adopted, while the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to evaluate levels of depression. Results: Results shows that the children generally hold a positive self-image, with an average self-esteem score of 206.6 out of 300 (ranging from 138 to 264). However, as children grow older, self-esteem tends to decline. Girls consistently report lower self-esteem than boys throughout the age range. In terms of depression, both boys (17.08) and girls (16.91) scored below the clinical threshold of 19. Nonetheless, girls showed slightly higher overall rates of depression. While boys exhibited marginally lower scores, we observed that their depressive symptoms often emerge through irritability or aggression rather than sadness signaling an important area for attentions. Conclusion : This research highlights the particularly adverse impact of depressive states on the self-esteem of primary school students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Imane Jaghror, Mohammed El Aameri, Hafida Jaghror, Zakaria Abidli, Leila Bikjdaouene https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0