Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Patients Attending Estu Umaru Sanda General Hospital, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that represents a major nosocomial threat, particularly among patients on hospital admission. This study determined the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients and assessed their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in order to provide up-to-date data that could support rational antibiotic use and contribute to improved management of infections caused by this pathogen.
Methods: One hundred clinical specimens were obtained from patients in Etsu Umaru Sanda General Hospital, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. Samples were cultured on MacConkey agar and subcultured on cetrimide agar and colonies were Gram stained. Biochemical characterization was carried out and species were confirmed by 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction assay. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates to ten antibiotics was done using the Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method.
Results: Twenty-five Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were identified giving a 25% prevalence rate. The highest prevalence of infection was recorded from wound swabs (13 (52%), followed by ear swab (7 (28%) and urine (5 (20%%). From the antibiogram, the highest resistance rate was observed towards amoxicillin (68%) while isolates were remarkably susceptible to colistin (92%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (96%). Four isolates (16%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
Conclusion: The presence of MDR P. aeruginosa is a cause for concern due to its potential to limit treatment options. Therefore, there is need for the establishment of a stringent and effective regime of antimicrobial stewardship and periodic monitoring system is of utmost importance to limit spread of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strains in the study area.
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