Mental Health Disorders Associated with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Importance of its Incorporation into Diabetes Care Protocol: A Narrative Review
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Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that requires lifelong management and is increasingly associated with mental disorders (MD). These psychological conditions adversely affect self-care behaviours, glycaemic control, quality of life, and overall disease outcomes. This review examined the mental health disorders commonly associated with T2DM, their impact on diabetes management, and the importance of integrating mental health support into diabetes care protocols.
Methods: A narrative review methodology was adopted. Literature published between 1990 and 2025 was retrieved from African Journals Online, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Additional evidence was obtained from reports of international health organisations and reference lists of relevant studies.
Results: The review identified depression, anxiety disorders, diabetes-related distress, eating disorders, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, psychotic disorders, and adjustment disorders as major mental health conditions affecting individuals with T2DM. These disorders were consistently associated with poor medication adherence, unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, inadequate self-management, poor glycaemic control, increased complications, reduced quality of life, and higher healthcare utilisation. Evidence showed that integrating psychological screening, counselling, cognitive behavioural therapy, multidisciplinary care, and psychosocial support into diabetes management improves treatment adherence, emotional well-being, and metabolic outcomes.
Conclusion: Mental health disorders are highly prevalent among individuals with T2DM and significantly influence disease management and outcomes. Comprehensive diabetes care should incorporate routine mental health assessment and intervention. Healthcare systems should implement integrated, multidisciplinary, and patient-centred diabetes care models that include routine psychological screening and mental health support services.
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