Helicobacter Pylori Infection Using Stool Antigen Test and Its Associated Factors among Adult Rural Dwellers in Southwest Nigeria
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Abstract
Background: In developing countries, the prevalence of H. pylori infection is generally higher compared to developed countries due to different geographical regions, socioeconomic status, age groups, lifestyle behaviors and dietary habits.
Objectives: The study evaluated the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection using stool antigen test and its associated factors among adult rural dwellers in Southwest Nigeria.
Methods: A hospital based cross- sectional study was conducted between July 10th and October 11th 2024 among 252 adult rural dwellers with gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) symptoms. Data on the respondents’ socio-demographics, source of drinking water, waste disposal method, hand-washing practices, and lifestyle behaviors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, over the counter drugs’ intake, and eating habits were collected through interviewer administered questionnaire. Stool antigen test was conducted on stool specimen and analyzed for Helicobacter pylori infection. ABO blood grouping and packed cell volume were measured and recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. The level of statistically significant was set at p-value <0.05.
Results: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infections was 63.1% (95% CI: 56.8-69.1). Patients with informal education (AOR= 1.252, (95% CI: 1.041- 1.507), low-income level (AOR=1.393, (95% CI: 1.082-1.792), eaten unwashed fruits/vegetables (AOR= 3.892, 95% CI: 1.590-9.527), and took NSAID (AOR= 2.522, 95% CI: 1.791-3.551) were significantly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.
Conclusion: The study revealed high burden of Helicobacter pylori infection and its associated factors. The findings would assist the stakeholders in designing appropriate targeted interventions at reducing the transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection in rural Southwestern Nigeria.
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