Awareness, Use, and Perceived Accuracy of Generative AI Tools among Antenatal Patients at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Southeastern Nigeria
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Abstract
Background: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT are increasingly used for health information, yet little is known about their adoption among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries. The study assessed the awareness, access, and use of generative AI tools for maternal health information among antenatal patients at the Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia in southeastern Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. Participants were recruited using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires assessing sociodemographic characteristics, technology access, awareness and use of generative AI tools, and perceptions of trust and accuracy. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while open-ended responses were analyzed thematically.
Results: Most respondents owned smartphones (70.3%) and had internet access at home (60.2%). Daily internet use was reported by 44.2% of participants. Despite widespread digital access, only 32.1% were aware of ChatGPT or similar AI tools, and 10.0% had used them for health-related questions. Among users, common topics included nutrition, medication safety, and pregnancy symptoms. Qualitative findings revealed cautious attitudes toward AI, with many participants expressing concerns about accuracy and preferring guidance from healthcare professionals.
Conclusion: Awareness and use of generative AI tools for maternal health information were low despite high levels of digital connectivity. Efforts to improve digital health literacy and provide guidance on the safe use of AI tools may support their responsible integration into maternal healthcare.
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