Challenges and Coping Strategies of Widowhood among Widows and Widowers in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
Background: Widowhood constitutes a significant life transition associated with emotional distress, socio-economic vulnerability, and health risks, particularly in patriarchal societies. In Nigeria, widowhood experiences are determined by cultural norms, gender inequality, and limited social protection.
Methods: This study examined the challenges and coping strategies of widowhood among widows and widowers in Enugu State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was adopted. Using multi-stage sampling, 201 respondents (133 widows and 68 widowers) were selected from three Local Government Areas representing urban, semi-urban, and rural settings. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and using IBM Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 25. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics mean, frequency and proportion) and inferential statistics (independent t-test) at a 0.05 significance level.
Results: Financial burden, increased stress, and childcare responsibilities were the major challenges. Widows reported significantly higher levels of stigmatisation, discrimination, cultural subjection, and dehumanisation compared to widowers (p < .05). Positive thinking, social support, and religious engagement were predominant coping strategies, with no notable gender difference in overall coping mechanisms. Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and stress emerged as critical unmet needs.
Conclusion: The study finds that widowhood remains a major public health concern in Southeastern Nigeria and recommends culturally sensitive, nursing-led interventions focused on economic empowerment, psychosocial support, and legal advocacy.
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