Global Prevalence and Patterns of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Butchers: A Scoping Review
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Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders remain a prominent occupational health concern in the butchering profession. Therefore, this study aimed to map evidence on the prevalence and pattern of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) among butchers worldwide as this would help in the formulation of needed occupational health policy or workplace interventions.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley framework, enhanced by Levac, and reported per PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Eight databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Medline, AJoL, Scopus, Web of science, and EMBASE) were searched (between 2016 – 2022) for peer-reviewed observational studies reporting musculoskeletal symptoms or injuries in actively employed butchers. Six studies met inclusion criteria. Data were narratively synthesized to map prevalence trends, risk factors, and preventive practices.
Results: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders 12-month prevalence ranged from 10.3% to 88.2%, and the most commonly affected body region are the lower back, shoulders, wrists, and neck. Risk factors included repetitive knife use, heavy lifting, poor posture, prolonged standing, inadequate equipment, and lack of protective gear. Only one study used clinical diagnostic tools; others relied on self-reports. Preventive strategies were poorly documented, with low awareness and unsafe practices noted.
Conclusion: Butchers experience disproportionately high Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders rates, especially in the spine and upper extremities, driven by task demands and poor ergonomics. Evidence on prevention remains sparse, underscoring the need for targeted occupational health programs, ergonomic interventions, and further longitudinal or interventional research.
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